Webeltime.com – How to Cultivate Shallots 2022. Hello friends, we meet again in our article, this time we will discuss how and how to cultivate shallots.Shallot cultivation is an alternative to farming. Shallots are ideal for growing in low-lying places, especially for individuals who reside there.
In general, shallots may be grown from the lowlands to the highlands at elevations ranging from 0 to 1000 meters above sea level (MDPL). The optimal height for shallot growth and development is 0 to 450 m above sea level.
How to Cultivate Shallots 2022
How to Cultivate Shallots 2022. Onion plants are vulnerable to rainfall, especially heavy rainfall and fog. This plant requires full sun with a minimum of 70% irradiation, an air temperature of 25 to 32 degrees Celsius, and a relative humidity of 50 to 70%.
Shallots require soil that has a crumb structure, a medium to loamy texture, adequate drainage and aeration, enough organic content, and a neutral soil pH. This suggests that Alluvial soil, or a mix of it with Glei-Humus or Latosol soil, is the best soil for onion plants.
Shallot plants prefer moist soil with flowing, non-stagnant water. The optimal time to grow shallots is during the dry season when there is enough irrigation water, which is in April or May after rice and in July or August.
seedlings
Kuning, Kramat–1 and Kramat–2 are the suggested kinds. Shallots are often grown by utilizing tubers as seeds.The amount of seed tubers required per acre ranges from 800 to 1500 kilos. One of the criteria that determines high and low shallot yields is the quality of seed tubers.
Bulbs for seeds must be harvested from plants that are at least 60 to 90 days old, depending on the type. Bulbs should be 5 to 10 grams in size. The seed tubers seem fresh and healthy, with dense pithy skin that is not wrinkled and a brilliant, not dull color.
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When seed tubers have been kept for 2 to 4 months after harvest and the shoots have reached the end of the tuber, they are ready to plant. Seed tubers can be preserved in the form of bonds on a kitchen stove or in a separate warehouse by smoking.
Preparation of Land
On dry ground, the soil is plowed or hoed to a depth of 20 to 30 cm, then beds with a width of 1 to 1.2 m, a height of 25 cm, and a length that depends on the state of the land are formed.
The soil is formed beds with a width of 1.75 meters (m) first, and the length is adjusted to the requirements of the land with a trench depth of 50 to 60 centimeters (cm) and a trench width of 40 to 50 cm. The beds were in good shape and ran east-west. The treated dirt is allowed to dry before being processed two or three times more until it is loose before neatly restoring the beds.
Making the trench, plowing the dirt, exposing 1, revealing 2, cocrok till the soil becomes loose and suitable for planting takes 3 to 4 weeks. The remaining rice or sugarcane plants can be cultivated.
When cultivating soil, it is advisable to apply Kaptan or Dolomite at least 2 weeks before planting at a rate of 1 to 1.5 tons per hectare (ha) every year, which is regarded sufficient for the following two growing seasons.
Kaptan or Dolomite was applied on the soil surface and evenly mixed. Dolomite is necessary to boost the availability of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) minerals, particularly on acidic or intensively farmed soil for vegetable crops. Administration of 1.5 tons of Dolomite per hectare on intensively maintained soil might boost the wet and dry weight of shallots.
Planting and Fertilization
a. Dry land onion planting fertilization comprises of basic and additional fertilizer. Basic fertilizer in the form of cow dung, or 15 to 20 tons per acre.
It may also be done using 5 to 6 tons of chicken manure per acre, 2.5 to 5 tons of compost per acre, and 120 to 200 kg of TSP artificial fertilizer per acre. Basic fertilizer is applied 1 to 3 days before planting by uniformly distributing and stirring it into the soil.
Meanwhile, urea fertilizer costs approximately 150-200 kg ha, ZA fertilizer costs around 300-500 kg per ha, and KCl fertilizer costs around 150-200 kg per ha. The first round of follow-up fertilization was performed at
The ready-to-plant seeds are then romped; cutting the tips of the seeds is only done if the shallot seeds are not ready to be planted (80% growth of shoots in tubers). Cutting the seed tubers breaks the dormancy period and accelerates the development of plant shoots.
Growing shallots on rice fields
Ready-to-plant seedlings are dirompes, with the tips of the seeds only being trimmed when the shallot seeds are ready to be planted. Cutting seed tubers breaks the dormant period and accelerates the development of plant shoots.
four. upkeep
Although the onion plant dislikes rain, it does require adequate water during its growth, which may be accomplished by watering. In the scorching weather, planting on old paddy fields needs frequent irrigation.
Meanwhile, from planting until harvest, it is normally irrigated once a day in the morning or evening throughout the dry season. Watering during the rainy season is solely used to clean the plant leaves of the dirt that has become adhered to the shallot leaves.
The critical phase in shallots is caused by a scarcity of water during tuber development, which can diminish yield. To address this issue, it is vital to control groundwater levels, particularly in former rice fields, as well as the regularity with which shallot plants are watered.
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Fertilization includes both basic and additional fertilizer. One to three days before planting, a basic fertilizer in the form of artificial TSP fertilizer of around 90 kg P2O5 per hectare is distributed and mixed uniformly with the soil.
Follow-up fertilizer of 180 kg N per ha, or half N Urea + half N ZA and K2O, for a total of 50 to 100 kilogram per ha. The first half-dose fertilization was performed 10 to 15 days after planting, and the second half-dose fertilization was performed 1 month following planting.
Weed development is rapid in young shallots up to 2 weeks old. Weeding is therefore essential and extremely successful in reducing weed competition.
Plant Pest Organism Control (OPT)
Liriomyza chinensis, Thrips tabaci, Alternaria porii, Fusarium sp., anthracnose, and other pests and diseases are known to damage shallot plants. Pest assault reduces yield by roughly 26 to 32 percent.
Control using Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques such as balanced fertilization, the use of pest resistant cultivars, and the use of natural enemies like parasitoids, predators, and insect diseases. Then control mechanically, such as rotating or cutting ill leaves or whether there are egg groups.
Spodoptera exigua, as well as the use of mosquito nets, various types of traps or sex pheromones, such as yellow traps, light traps, and others.
Then there’s the usage of bio-pesticides. Then there’s the use of selective pesticides depending on the control threshold, with the kind, dosage, spray volume, application technique, interval, and time of application all taken into account.
Harvesting and Postharvesting
Shallots may be picked when they are very mature, generally after 60 to 70 days. Shallots were collected when they had 60% soft stem necks, fallen plants, and wilting foliage.
Dry tuber yield ranges from 6 to 25 tons per acre. Harvesting should be done in dry soil and bright weather to avoid tuber rot disease in the warehouse.
Harvested shallots are then attached to the stalk for convenient handling. The bulbs are then dried in the sun until they are dry enough for 1 to 2 weeks in direct sunshine, after which they are grouped according to the grade of the tubers.
Drying can also be done using a special drier until the moisture content reaches about 80%. If the bulbs are not sold immediately, they are preserved by hanging shallots in a dedicated warehouse at a temperature of 25 to 30 degrees Celsius and low humidity (60-80 percent).
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Thus, from our translation and article above, hopefully it can help with problems or problems regarding onion cultivation, thank you and see you again in the next article.
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